This is where the fuel is removed from the radiator system using a special chemical then refilled with the prescribed coolant. When the heat created by an internal combustion engine builds up, it can cause numerous problems that are expensive to repair. A radiator prevents engine overheating by preserving your antifreeze at the right temperature. To combat this, coolant is circulated through your engine while it's operating. Found inside – Page 29Generally, the overall vehicle thermal TMS is composed of the radiator coolant loop, power electronics coolant loop, drive unit coolant loop, ... Next, a coolant pump is used for moving the coolant back and forth to the radiator. Drive/idle engine for 15 to 30 minutes. "But one thing that is always confusing is the difference between a radiator fluid and a coolant. However, the repercussions are far more hurtful. Also mixing coolants is not advisable. This means that the commercial product you've purchased can really sit your shelf almost indefinitely without ever going bad—provided, of course, that you keep the container sealed against dirt and other contaminants. Some auto repair shops and dealerships may accept old antifreeze for reprocessing, sometimes for a small charge. Pour Stop Leak into a cool radiator. Water is detrimental to the health of the car. The following piece of information is very important: Do NOT attempt to open the radiator cap on a hot car. The cooling system in your car consists of a radiator, which usually has a pressurised cap, an overflow bottle, a thermostat, and a cooling fan," he told Kenyans.co.ke. Sometimes the hardest thing about repairing your vehicle is looking for an honest source for reliable parts like a Delphi radiator. Found inside – Page 79and water inside a flat tube of a car radiator was performed. A modified SIMPLE algorithm for ... Two liquids, water and ethylene glycol/water mixture, used as the coolant fluid in a meso-channel heat exchanger were studied numerically. Discoloration of coolant. Found inside – Page 100Do not open the radiator cap ! Remember , the cooling system is under significant pressure . Releasing that pressure by opening the cap will cause the overheated coolant to boil instantly , potentially causing serious injury . If you see puddles of red or green liquid (engine coolant) forming underneath your engine when your car is stationary, you must replace your radiator immediately. Found inside – Page 105C p This is a form of coolant used The ratio, = =γ specific heat capacities. in the radiator. If the radiator was to overheat the car would come to a stop. Water Equivalent It is defined as the mass of water in gram which would absorb ... Also, have a container (to hold at least 4 gallons) ready to catch the used antifreeze, and wipe up any spills. You may take excellent care of your car, keeping the radiator clean and the coolant tank filled. Unfortunately, the radiator fan can fail and will cause your car to overheat. It also may contain ingredients intended to keep the metal in your radiator from corroding. Found inside – Page 70CAR. CARE. Without it, the soft aluminum dissolves into the heated coolant, travels to the in- sides of the radiator ... Flushing Some people mistakenly believe that removing the lower radiator hose and letting as much used coolant as ... So just how long will that jug of antifreeze last before it goes bad? Found inside – Page 105C p This is a form of coolant used The ratio, = =γ specific heat capacities. in the radiator. If the radiator was to overheat the car would come to a stop. Water Equivalent It is defined as the mass of water in gram which would absorb ... Found inside – Page 277Radiator: A radiator is a type of heat exchanger used to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the ... Most of the modern cars use aluminum radiators made by brazing thin aluminum fins to flattened aluminum tubes. No matter if you race or just enjoy driving a high-performance vehicle, premium quality aftermarket and OEM parts are critical. Use 1/2 bottle for four cylinder engines. Check your entire cooling system if you're replacing this part, and replace your cap too unless you've done it in the past few months. This book presents the proceedings of the first vehicle engineering and vehicle industry conference. 5. Antifreeze can easily run off into rivers and streams or seep down through the soil into groundwater supplies. In some communities, any retailer who sells antifreeze is required by law to also have procedures for processing old antifreeze. Understanding Coolant Leaks. Leave the car raised while you refill the radiator to reduce the possibility of air pockets forming in the engine. AdBlue Fluid and Cleaner Diesel Emissions. Plastic is used for a variety of parts in a car, ranging from body panels and fenders to dashboards and headlamps. When mixed in a 50 percent coolant/water solution, this liquid has both a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than water, meaning that it can function both as an antifreeze and coolant in your engine's cooling system. Refilling the radiator channel with a fresh coolant mix (typically water and anti-freeze). Buildup in the radiator greatly reduces the ability for the system to cool. A radiator is mounted in front of the engine and uses outside air passing through the front grille to lower the temperature of the coolant. Found inside – Page 47If the freezing point depression constant, Kf of benzene is 5.12 Kkg mol–1, the freezing point of benzene will be lowered by [2011] (a) 0.3K (b) 0.5K (c) 0.4K (d) 0.2 Coolant used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. Rubber. In a case where one finds themselves without a choice and is forced to use plain water in the cooling system, then distilled water is preferred as it has lower mineral content than normal tap water and has less chance of causing build-up in the engine and even corroding the system. Much like oil, coolant serves the basic function of transferring heat and adding antifreeze protection. Prestone, for example, touts its product as being good for five years or 150,000 miles in automotive applications. Radiator fluid, better known as coolant or antifreeze, keeps your radiator cool, as you might expect. It travels through the compartments around your pistons and cylinder heads. Found inside – Page 5Coolant used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. In order to prevent the solution from freezing at – 0.3°C. How much ethylene glycol must be added to 5 kg of water ? (K f = 1.86 K Kg mol–1) (a) 50 g (b) 55g (c) 45g ... Found up against your car's front grille, radiators are an important part of the cooling system. What's the Difference Between Antifreeze and Coolant? Replacement radiators might cost somewhere between $125-550 at full price. By using water in the motor, the liquid evaporates and boils away, leaving the vehicle without fluid. A vehicle's radiator is important to the cooling system as it holds the coolant fluids that are needed to flow through your motor. Most often, the radiator is made of plastic or metal and keeps the coolant mixture of antifreeze and water that is used to keep the engine cooled once it is operating. Integrated transmission oil cooler when applicable. As the car heats up, the coolant system valve will allow the coolant to … OEM specified Plastic Tank-Aluminum Core Construction, Fins High Performance Multi-Louvered Design - OEM Spec, 100% leak tested before leaving factory at 150% of operating pressure, Industry Best Packaging - 10-Foot Drop Test Standard, High Performance Transmission Cooler with special Built-in Turburlator, when applicable, All components are installed, torqued, & tested on Radiator during assembly. Your radiator is installed in the front of your motor and utilizes outside air passing through the engine compartment to reduce the temperature of the coolant. What causes the radiator to stop working? But there is yet another fluid called antifreeze which is usually mixed with the coolant," he noted adding that antifreeze is not a must in this case. That includes radiators from industry-leading brands, such as Action Crash, Nissens, APDI, Denso, Behr, TYC, Valeo, Hella, AC Delco, Spectra Premium, GPD and Genuine. The coolant in your radiator is a 50/50 mixture of commercial coolant and water, and together this solution makes a liquid that helps cool your engine by circulating through the cooling system. Some people will ride around with the light on and just ignore it, keeping constant vigilance on the level of the overflow tank, but this is never a good idea. Delivering reliable auto parts service since 2008, Ordered the wrong part? The When you have an automobile designed for maximum performance it needs the highest quality replacement parts. Its Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT) chemistry combines the best of conventional and organic acid-based chemistry to provide the ultimate protection against rust and corrosion. Owning a car is one thing, but managing it is an uphill task especially if one is not familiar with the necessary and basic skills. Engine coolant, also known as antifreeze, is mixed with water to keep the radiator from freezing in extreme cold and overheating in extreme heat. Found inside – Page 38You know the ones — the who-knows- what panther potions that you add to your car's radiator to keep it from boiling. ... To pass, the additives must be used with the usual concentration of glycol-type antifreeze/coolant and water. Found inside – Page 201Most coolants contain about 95 percent ethylene glycol, a chemical that stops water from freezing or boiling even in extreme temperatures ... vehicle radiators made of aluminum (they can't be used in anything except aluminum radiators). This is comparable to Mercury Marine’s five-year or 1000-hour extended-life coolant for Mercury engines. It may also allow coolant to leak externally. But would urine actually work as a radiator fluid substitute if … First-rate capacity and performance are dependent on outstanding parts and accessories. Found inside – Page 546Radiators are the heat exchangers used to exchange heat vitality (heat) from coolant fluid medium to air to cool the engine ... Radiators are utilized to chill off the car engine; radiator disappointment can result in such a significant ... Just wait for the engine to cool, refill the cooling system, and install a new radiator cap. It can also be used with all types of coolant, including yellow, orange, pink, red, blue, and green silicate-based and non-silicate-based antifreeze. Checking and Filling Your Coolant/Antifreeze, Car Engine Radiators Require Coolant, Not Just Water. The lack or shortage of coolant in the … They are basically the same thing only that the terms are used interchangeably. Your car has a place in your heart because of its excellent performance and awesome style, and to have it going in top condition you need the ultimate in replacement parts. Your car's radiator is the heart of its cooling system, which also includes a fan, water pump, thermostat, hoses, belts, and sensors. Found inside – Page 47... point depression constant, Kf of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol–1, the freezing point of benzene will be lowered by [2011] (a) 0.3K (b) 0.5K (c) 0.4K (d) 0.2 11. Coolant used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. The coolant in your radiator is a 50/50 mixture of commercial coolant and water, and together this solution makes a liquid that helps cool your engine by … The radiator inhibits overheating by preserving your engine coolant at a reliable temperature. Slowly fill the radiator or coolant tank with fresh coolant until the coolant is 1 in. A When you drive a vehicle engineered for high performance it requires the best quality aftermarket and OEM parts. Fuel/Oil ... How to Backflush a Radiator. From there, the coolant will run to the car’s radiator, also called the heat exchanger, and then back to the pump. The radiator core is tested prior to assembly and then once the assembly is complete the unit is tes. This dependable book covers allavenues of buying and owning a car, from negotiating a fair priceto finding reliable insurance to saving money on routine servicing.You'll stay in the driver& ’s seat as you discoverhow to: * Calculate how ... Your Delphi Radiator … A worn, weak, or leaking radiator cap will not hold pressure, lowering the boiling point and allowing coolant to boil out. That is a remarkably long length of time that you can go without replacing your coolant. Usually, the radiator is built of plastic or metal and stores the coolant mixture of antifreeze and water that is used to keep the motor cooled off while it is working. This saves these car owners time and money involved with maintenance procedures. It is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan. Found inside – Page 138... away from home when the temperature light on your car's dashboard blinks on. You turn in to your driveway, stop the engine, and raise the hood. Warily, you approach the radiator pressure cap, thinking that maybe the coolant is low. interconnecting hoses to transfer the coolant from engine to radiator (and also to the car’s heater system where hot coolant is used to warm up the vehicle’s interior) A cooling system works by sending a liquid coolant through passages in the engine block and heads. The radiator eliminates engine overheating by maintaining your circulating coolant at a reliable temperature. Most states have prescribed methods for disposing of used antifreeze solution or unused containers of commercial coolant. Found inside – Page 65Eutrophication causes reduction in (a) Dissolved oxygen (b) Nutrients (c) Dissolved salts (d) All of these Coolant used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. In order to prevent the solution from freezing at – 0.3°C. Come to PartsGeek every time you need top quality automotive parts like a TYC radiator. Protect your car's systems by buying only the most reliable high-quality parts and accessories. If you just replaced the fluid, double-check that you properly closed the radiator petcock, reinstalled the radiator hoses, and used the right sealer for the thermostat gasket if you installed a new one. It was a perfect fit at a great price and had very fast shipping. It acts as an engine coolant, which also contains lubricants and anti-corrosion agents to keep components like your radiator properly lubricated and free from corrosion. The fluid then moves to the radiator, where it cools before starting the cycle again. A coolant is a substance, typically liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system.An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Valvoline™ ZEREX™ Original Green provides superior cooling system protection for passenger, light-duty & heavy duty* vehicles. Prep: With the vehicle parked on a level surface, ensure the engine and radiator are cool to the touch. When you notice that the coolant level in your radiator is low, you may wonder if it's okay to use that jug of partially used coolant/ antifreeze sitting on your garage shelf. Despite the cost of fuel shooting, water should not be the solution but radiator coolant should be budgeted for in all car expenses. A vehicle's radiator is essential to the cooling system as it contains the coolant fluids which are required to circulate around the engine. The radiator inhibits an overheated engine by keeping your antifreeze at a reliable temperature. Adding new coolant and conditioner to the radiator. Found inside – Page 114After the coolant circulates through the engine , the pump pushes it out the upper radiator hose into the radiator , a heat exchanger made of metal tubes ( aluminum on today's cars ) to which fins are attached . We have millions of items at up to 80% off. A radiator is essential to the cooling system as it holds the coolants that are necessary to travel through your engine. Found inside – Page 90It says that the used - car dealer involved does not inspect the vehicles that he sells . However , he sees some radiator coolant where a used car has been that he proposes to sell . In this case the dealer has knowledge of a defect . Chevy Car Owner Used Liquid Intelligence 600 Vintage & Veteran Soluble Oil Radiator Coolant … Found inside – Page 227Coolant from the engine water jacket passes through a hose to the radiator at the top. It then passes through thin pipes ... Many water passages between the top and bottom tanks of the radiator are used to increase the surface area. A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. Put directly behind the vehicle's front grille, radiators are a vital section of the engine cooling system. Providing discount auto parts online since 2008, Automatic or Manual Transmission; Core Dim: 24-1/8 x 19-1/8 x 1-5/8; EOC: NO; TOC: NO. You should also bear in mind that engine coolant is toxic to both humans and animals. ; OEM style 2 11/16" Core; Quick-Connect inlet & outlet pipe;OEM style steel oil cooler fittings, Action Crash Radiator - for 2004 Dodge Ram 1500, APDI Radiator - for 2001 Dodge Ram 1500 3.9L V6, Spectra Premium Radiator - for 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4.0L 6 Cyl, CSF Radiator - for 2008 Ford F250 Super Duty 6.4L V8 DIESEL, Nissens Radiator - for 2003 Mazda Protege Turbocharged, OSC Automotive Radiator - for 2003 Jaguar S Type 3.0L V6, Center Mishimoto Radiator - for 2004 Ford F350 Super Duty 6.8L V10, Nissens Radiator - for 2003 Mercedes CLK430, TYC Radiator - for 2007 Dodge Grand Caravan 3.8L V6, API Radiator - for 2010 Jeep Grand Cherokee 3.7L V6, DIY Solutions Radiator - for 2018 Nissan Altima S, APDI Radiator - for 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4.0L 6 Cyl, RADIATOR; 5.7 LITER V8; PLASTIC AND ALUMINUM. Radiator coolant, sometimes called antifreeze, is the green, yellow, or orangish liquid that fills your car's radiator. the site is simple and easy to use and fast service. Suddenly your coolant light turns on but the tank is full, what are the possible causes? This book contains chapters about application of titanium dioxide in different branches of economy such as the agriculture, the food industry, the medicine, the cosmetics, the water treatment technologies, and the semiconductors. If coolant is needed, mix with the antifreeze then add up to the marked level. A radiator is installed in front of your engine and makes use of cool air passing through the engine compartment to lower the temperature of the antifreeze. Join our mailing list now! Every automobile needs parts once in a while, so if you need a Valeo radiator, PartsGeek.com is the place to go to find what you need. One of the most common misconceptions among most people is that using pure distilled water when their car is overheating will solve the problem. Found inside – Page 37Coolant used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. In order to prevent the solution from freezing at – 0.3°C. How much ethylene glycol must be added to 5 kg of water ? (K (a) f= 50 1.86 g KKgmol–1) (b) 55 g [2010] (c) ... Undated Photo of an Individual Pouring Water in Car Radiator System, Undated Photo of an Individual Pouring a Coolant in Car Radiator System, Kenyans.co.ke © 2021 All Rights Reserved, Why Water Should Never Be Used as Car Coolant, victim to the practice of substituting coolant with water because many, Judge Mrima's Security Beefed Up After Threat on His Life, Ksh2K Ugali Choma: See Menu of Kenyan Hotel Based in UK, KDF Captain Recounts Intense 11-Hour Battle With 1,000 Militants, Chelsea, Juventus in Champions League Top Spot Clash, How to Check If You Have Been Shortlisted For KDF Jobs, Why Ahmednassir Wants Sonko Given State Protection, Meet Angela Omwoha: The Lady Who Designed Jane Ruto's Wedding, Raila Comes to Aid of 18-Year-Old Kenyan Football Star in Need of Ksh2.5M, Desperate Kenyans Catching Mobile Phone Signal Using Bottles. Found inside – Page 10Automotive radiator hose after 7 - days ' use with petroleum antifreeze . Car was operated 230 miles at speeds not over ... The compounds previously discussed are all used in water solution . The amount of antifreeze compound employed ... Coolant Flow Radiator And Engine Block Below is an explanation of this system's operation The Thermostat Just like your body needs to warm up when you begin to exercise, your car's engine needs to warm up when it starts its exercise. There are several more severe symptoms of a failed radiator: The tank matched up perfectly with no troubles. Found inside – Page 113The Porsche factory manuals indicate that the coolant used inside the Carrera engines should be considered a “ lifetime ” fluid , and mixing ... Plan on using about 19 liters ( 5 gallons ) of coolant for cars without a center radiator . Better handling is a snap with optional options manufactured to function with the engine as well as suspension components. - MrMailman, the radiator that i purchased was a direct fit and not a problem whatsoever. We ship all of your orders fast, and we offer a 30-day return policy to provide some insurance for your purchases. style Plastic tanks & Aluminum core; OEM style Venturi Kit Included (required to complete correct installation) - $20 Value! Premium grade tubes, fins, headers, tanks, and other components are used to make OSC radiators more durable. He argued that the minerals contained in the water form scales that attach themselves to metal surfaces that turns water brown in the cooling system. Don’t open the radiator cap while the engine is hot because pressure has built up inside and can be explosive once the cap is removed. Meets or exceeds the manufacturer's specifications that are ready to install. thanks parts geek. Top power and performance is a breeze with factory authorized equipment engineered to function with the engine as well as front end components. Start the engine and let it run. Found inside – Page 109Again, the coolant tubes are of flattened oval section and the air fins may be louvred to promote turbulence. ... Bolted-on header and collector tanks in cast aluminium were early used in commercial vehicle radiators, and in 1960 the ... Car radiator coolant is essential in so many ways from ensuring the locomotive maintains its efficiency to extending the engine's lifespan. These processes take place thousands of times per minute in a very small area of your engine. The thermostat provides control for your engine's warm-up period. By making it possible for your injectors to employ fuel better, performance equipment options raise horsepower while cutting excess gas consumption. It Still Runs is your ultimate auto resource, whether you rotate your tires or change your oil. It can also be caused by a faulty coolant temp sensor, low coolant level or the fan itself can be damaged. The cooling system in a car, specifically the radiator, creates a high-pressure environment that raises the boiling point of the fluid contained within it. Enjoy peace of mind with easy returns, Get the parts and accessories you need when you need them, Huge selection of OEM, stock replacement or aftermarket accessories, We have the all the parts you need at the most competitive prices. Always keep containers of antifreeze safely stored out of reach, and be careful not allow spills to remain on the ground where pets or wildlife might drink it. Increased thermal performance, enhanced design features, and design commonization for maximum availability with the minimum amount of parts. Radiator coolant, sometimes called antifreeze, is the green, yellow, or orangish liquid that fills your car's radiator. Once the engine has cooled down, open the coolant reservoir cap then check the levels. As such, if you have a car leaking coolant, you must act quickly to find and fix the coolant leak. Found inside – Page 221Applied Thermal Engineering, 28, 1774–1781. 5. ... Improving the cooling performance of automobile radiator with Al2O3 /water nanofluid. ... Performance Investigation of an Automotive Car Radiator Operated With Nanofluid as a Coolant. You should also see a cap mounted on the top. Speaking to Kenyans.co.ke, a car expert described a coolant as a chemical required to cool the engine. Organic acid technology coolant, which is widely used by General Motors, only needs to be changed every five years or 150,000 miles! On top of that, it causes overheating forcing an individual to drive with cans to cool the engine more often. This is important because the process gets rid of the heat that would otherwise melt your engine into an unrecognizable chunk of metal. Without your cooling system, which includes your radiator, the engine would melt into a useless hunk of metal in minutes. Not doing so will cause serious damage. The vehicle efficiency is adversely affected and that is why some people say that a certain car cannot travel some specific long distance. Found insideCoolant and the Radiator Cap Coolant is the liquid in your car's radiator that circulates through the engine to keep it cool. Modern cars have a coolant reservoir tank that holds excess coolant for the radiator. The radiator cap keeps ... Found inside – Page 333experimental investigation on an actual vehicle cooling system was conducted by Ali, ElLeathy, and Al-Sofyany (2014). ... of Al2O3 nanoparticles in water and ethylene glycol-based coolant used in a car radiator and 8.3% of thermal ... Most car owners have fallen victim to the practice of substituting coolant with water because many do not understand how the radiator functions in an engine and the reason the coolant is required in the first place.. I had my fears that it would not arive with out damage but it was in perfect condition. Auto radiators don't work alone. Check your coolant. Antifreeze solution, in a proper mixture, will not freeze until air temperatures reach -35 degrees Fahrenheit, and will not boil until the solution reaches 223 degrees Fahrenheit. When you first start your car, allowing the engine to warm up, the coolant will bypass the radiator. ... How to Make Radiator Coolant. As it turns out, coolant/antifreeze will last a very, very long time. 1. Found inside – Page 48Usually a mixture of ethylene glycol and water is used as a coolant in the radiator of automobile engines. These fluids possess poor heat transfer performance compared to water because of lower thermal conductivity. Replace the Cap. This coolant should only be used in Subarus that are model year 2009 or later. Successful automobile manufacturers know the basic importance of high performance. O.E.M. 100% Leak Tested - Built to strict quality control standards. Installed just behind a car or truck's grille, radiators are an indispensable component of your engine's operation. We here at PartsGeek know what it's like to love your car, and so we want to help you find the right Behr radiator. Your When you own a vehicle engineered for high performance it requires premium quality parts. Most often, the radiator is constructed from plastic or metal and keeps the coolant blend of antifreeze and water that is used to keep the engine cool when it is operating. Is Universal Antifreeze Safe for Your Car? The system is highly pressurized and the fluid inside is very hot. As long as you can visibly see the level of the coolant by removing the radiator cap and looking into the top of the radiator, your level is fine. This will help the engine coolant circulate throughout the system and prevent potentially serious problems down the road with corrosion – most notably heater core or head gasket leaks. Premium - High quality new replacement part. Positioned behind the vehicle's grille, radiators are a key component of your engine's operation. Evans Coolant is especially good for winter conditions because it has a freeze point of -40F/C and it shrinks when frozen, so there is no freeze-burst danger, even in extremely cold conditions. "A coolant is a chemical fluid that is required for your car's cooling system or radiator to work. Your car or truck is outstanding because of its great performance and great style, and to keep it humming in top form you want the acme in replacement parts. Complete Radiators 100% tested up to three times during production: OSC tests the transmission and engine oil coolers prior to installation into the tank. Found inside – Page 101The component that pushes coolant through the thermostat, engine, and radiator. (Cars initially used water as coolant, and the name stuck around.) Thermostat. The valve or faucet that controls coolant and engine temperature by (1) ... It is easy to look for a cheaper alternative and water can become far more attractive in this scenario. Draining the radiator to remove sediment and rust. The chemical ingredients in antifreeze/coolant are quite stable and virtually never degrade. Your radiator is necessary to the cooling system as it contains the coolants which are vital to flow around your motor. How to Prevent Your Classic Car From Overheating, 6 Things You Should Know About Liquid Cooled 2014 Harley-Davidsons. This comes from the combustion and friction from your cylinders and pistons. Fill radiator and overflow tank to proper level and reinstall cap. Luckily, this is a quick and cheap fix. - Great service! Found inside – Page 505The nanofluids has a high boiling point, and it can be used to increase the normal coolant operating temperature and then reject more heat through the existing coolant system [56]. Kole et al. prepared car engine coolant (Al2O3 ... Rubber is used in many more car parts than just the tires, as a number of hoses, gaskets and belts are made from rubber. Annotation Emerging from a November 1991 symposium in Scottsdale, Arizona, 19 papers report on advances in developing, testing, and applying engine cooling fluids for automobiles and heavy duty engines.
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